Black Roots Exposed! The Kingdom of Ghana.

“Ghana is the title given to their kings, but the name of the kingdom of Awkar. In this year 1067 [or 460 of the Islamic calendar], their king is Tunka Manin who came to the throne in 1063. He rules an enormous kingdom, and wields strong power”

This is an account of al-Bakri, an Arab chronicler through the information he had form the Andalusian traders. 

          The kingdom of Ghana should not be confused with the present Republic of Ghana, in fact, the kingdom was different from the present Ghana in terms of ethnicity and territory. It was situated some 400km northeast of the present Ghana. In its territory, was now north Senegal and south Mauritania.

Further west was the state of Tukrur in Senegal valley. A coastal route leading to Morocco via Sjilmasa opened it to the north.

    Roots.

         The origins of Ghana up to now remain a mystery to everyone. When it came to existence

Tracing The Paths Of History In Africa; The City Kingdom Of Benin.

Benin City (the name of a powerful kingdom of the same name) rose to prominence in the fifteenth century. Located in the present-day southwestern Nigeria.

      The territory of the Kingdom extended from the western Ibo tribes on the shores of the Niger River, way through parts of the southwestern region of Nigeria. It expanded eastwards to Niger River, near the Oyo Kingdom, which extended through most of South Western Nigeria in the West to parts of present day Republic of Benin.

The Ogiso dynasty came to an end in 1180 AD by the help of Eweka 1 the first Oba who changed the ancient name of Igodomigodo to Edo and 'Ogiso' dynasty to Oba dynasty. The word "Oba" is a Yoruba title for king. Eweka 1 was the son of Oranmiyan a Yoruba prince from ile ife an the grandson of Oduduwa the Oba of ife. In this, Eweka 1 was the first "Oba" and architect of this title.

Tracing The Paths of History In Africa; The Ancient North African Kingdoms.

“Africa is no historical part of the world [and] it has no development to show”

-            Georg Hegel, German Philosopher.

Many more people would carry on with the thought process of Georg Hegel, considering Africa a blank slate! These thoughts had no truths in them and they were measurable to a pinch of salt.

Besides, Africa had and still has many things to offer to the world in all aspects we could think of; Politics, Economics, Architecture, Arts to mention but a few (as we shall see in future).

        Africa had the first set of kingdoms, which defined political order in medieval Africa.

“And kingdoms in Africa are indeed among the oldest political institutions. They emerged in Africa from time even before time began”

                                                      -  Adopted from an essay written for Raph Uwechu.

Based on the above statement, it is clear that Africa has had kingdoms since time in memorial!

The Pharaonic Egypt.

It is believed that the first set of kingdoms arose in around 3400 B.C in the Nile Delta and the northern Nile in Egypt. These [two] kingdoms joined to form a great kingdom under the influence of the Pharaohs- this kingdom was later credited for the “daughter kingdoms” that sprung up elsewhere in Africa.

The ancient Greeks believed that the Egypt of the pharaohs was a fountain of immense knowledge, striking mathematics and philosophy; and amazing architecture. All the names of the gods in ancient Greece had been adopted from Egypt.

According to Homer, the gods of Greece flew once a year to feast with their elder gods in Egypt. This connotes the importance of the Pharaonic kingdom to the spiritual necessities of the Greeks of pre-historic west.

         This belief of kingdoms in Africa did not go well with the Europeans (at least not all)- they never welcomed it. The result was separation of Egypt from the rest of Africa.  All this was